Basic Properties and Chemical Structure of Piperazine Piperazine (CAS 110-85-0) is an indispensable basic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Its unique chemical structure combines rigidity with flexibility, and its dual amine functional groups offer rich possibilities for structural modifications and functional expansions. This versatility enables to play a crucial role in various specialized fields such as drug innovation, advanced material synthesis, and environmental remediation. The research, development, and industrialization of related technologies continue to advance at a rapid pace. Applications of Piperazine in the Pharmaceutical Field The structural advantages of piperazine provide core solutions for optimizing drug performance. Its rigid six-membered ring structure effectively locks the active conformation of drug molecules, enhancing their binding specificity to target proteins and thereby improving bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Data from multiple preclinical studies indicate that introducing a piperazine ring into antihistamine drugs increases their selective binding to H1 receptors by 35%, effectively reducing central nervous system side effects such as drowsiness. In antibacterial drug design, the incorporation of piperazine side chains improves the lipophilicity of drugs, enhances cell membrane permeability, and significantly increases inhibitory activity against drug-resistant strains. Notably, in the field of anticancer drugs, piperazine-modified prodrugs utilize pH-sensitive…